Evaluation of Meibomian gland dysfunction using meibography in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess Meibomian gland dysfunction using meibography in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and correlate with ocular surface changes. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. All patients underwent a comprehensive and standardized interview. The best-corrected visual acuity of each eye was determined. Detailed ophthalmic examination was conducted, including biomicroscopy examination of the ocular surface, Schirmer test type I, and meibography, and fundus examination was also performed when possible. Meibomian gland dysfunction was assessed by non-contact meibography using Oculus Keratograph® 5M (OCULUS Inc., Arlington, WA, USA). Saliva samples were collected using the Oragene DNA Self-collection kit (DNA Genotek Inc., Ottawa, Canada), and DNA was extracted as recommended by the manufacturer. Factors associated with abnormal meiboscores were assessed using generalized estimating equation models. Results: A total of 42 participants were enrolled, and 27 patients underwent meibography. The meiboscore was abnormal in the upper eyelid in 8 (29.6%) patients and in the lower eyelid in 17 (62.9%). The likelihood of having abnormal meiboscores in the lower eyelid was 16.3 times greater than that in the upper eyelid. In the final multivariate model, age (p=0.001), mutation profile (p=0.006), and presence of ocular surface malignant tumor (OSMT) (p=0.014) remained significant for abnormal meiboscores. For a 1-year increase in age, the likelihood of abnormal meiboscores increased by 12%. Eyes with OSMT were 58.8 times more likely to have abnormal meiboscores than eyes without ocular surface malignant tumor. Conclusion: In the final model, age, xeroderma pigmentosum profile, previous cancer, and clinical alterations on the eyelid correlated with a meiboscore of ≥2. Meibomian gland dysfunction was common in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, mainly in the lower eyelid. The severity of Meibomian gland dysfunction increases with age and is associated with severe eyelid changes.

Universal slit-lamp–mounted mobile adapter with 20 D lens for fundus photography: “Litter to glitter”

Fundus photography is an arduous task as it involves using 90 D in one hand and a smartphone attached on an eyepiece of a slit-lamp biomicroscope in the other hand. Similarly, with a 20 D lens, the filming distance is adjusted by moving the lens or mobile forward or backward, which makes it difficult to adjust and focus the image in busy ophthalmology outpatient departments (OPDs). Moreover, fundus camera costs thousands of dollars. Authors describe a novel technique of performing fundus photography with a 20 D lens and a universal slit-lamp–mounted mobile adapter made from trash. By the use of this simple, yet frugal innovation, primary care physicians or ophthalmologists without a fundus camera can easily snap a fundus photo and subject it to digital analysis by retina specialists across the world. This will help in simultaneous ocular examination and fundus photos taken via mounted 20 D on a slit lamp itself and also reduce the need for unnecessary retina referrals to tertiary eye care centers.

Smartphone for retinal imaging – Case series in resource-limited rural settings

Purpose: There is a clinical need for a cost?effective, reliable, easy?to?use, and portable retinal photography. The use of smartphone fundus photography for documentation of retinal changes in resource?limited settings, where retinal imaging was not previously possible, is studied here. The introduction of smartphone?based retinal imaging has resulted in the increase in available technologies for fundus photography. On account of the cost, fundus cameras are not readily available in ophthalmic practice in developing countries. Because smartphones are readily available, easy to use, and also portable, they present a low?cost alternative method in resource?limited settings. The aim is to explore the use of smartphones (iphones) for retinal imaging in resource?limited settings. Methods: A smartphone (iphone) was used to acquire retinal images with the use of +20 D lens in patients with dilated pupils by activating the video mode of the camera. Results: Clear retinal images were obtained in different clinical conditions in adults and children, including branch retinal vein occlusion with fibro?vascular proliferation, choroidal neo?vascular membranes, presumed ocular toxoplasmosis, diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, ocular albinism, and hypertensive retinopathy. Conclusion: New inexpensive, portable, easy?to?operate cameras have revolutionized retinal imaging and screening programs and play an innovative role in research, education, and information sharing

As imagens do isolamento: expressões imagéticas de calouros na pandemia / The images of isolation: imagery expressions of freshmen in the pandemic / Las imágenes del aislamiento: expresiones de los estudiantes de primer año en la pandemia

A imagem é uma collage de fotografias produzida por estudantes calouros participantes de uma pesquisa de Iniciação Científica que teve como objetivo propor uma reflexão sobre as experiências vivenciadas por estudantes ingressantes de uma universidade pública em 2020, durante o período de distanciamento e isolamento imposto pela pandemia de COVID-19 e os seus impactos. A partir do método de pesquisa-ação participativa do Photovoice e quatro encontros grupais com diferentes temas disparadores. Foi possível aproximar-se das experiências e percepções vivenciadas pelos estudantes, considerando as particularidades do momento atípico assim como, suas estratégias de enfrentamento, sentimentos e inseguranças com o futuro.

The image is a collage of photographs taken by freshman students participating in a Scientific Initiation survey that aimed to propose a reflection on the experiences of freshman students at a public university in 2020, during the period of distancing and isolation imposed by the coronavirus pandemic. COVID-19 and its impacts. Based on Photovoice's participatory action-research method and four group meetings with different triggering themes. It was possible to approach the experiences and perceptions lived by the students, considering the particularities of the atypical moment as well as their coping strategies, feelings and insecurities about the future.

La imagen es un collage de fotografías tomadas por estudiantes de primer año que participan en una encuesta de Iniciación Científica que tuvo como objetivo proponer una reflexión sobre las experiencias de los estudiantes de primer año de una universidad pública en 2020, durante el período de distanciamiento y aislamiento impuesto por la pandemia del coronavirus COVID. -19 y sus impactos. Basado en el método de investigación-acción participativa de Photovoice y cuatro reuniones grupales con diferentes temas desencadenantes. Fue posible abordar las experiencias y percepciones vividas por los estudiantes, considerando las particularidades del momento atípico así como sus estrategias de afrontamiento, sentimientos e inseguridades sobre el futuro.

Cambios retinianos periféricos detectados mediante fotografía no midriática de campo ultra amplio en sujetos asintomáticos / Peripheral retinal changes detected by ultra-widefield non-mydriatic photography in asymptomatic subjects

Resumen Objetivo: La fotografía de campo ultra amplio no requiere midriasis, evalúa 200° de la retina y es adecuada para detectar cambios desapercibidos, con riesgo de desprendimiento de retina en individuos asintomáticos; se identificó la frecuencia de cambios periféricos retinianos y cambios con riesgo de desprendimiento de retina, en una muestra de sujetos fáquicos asintomáticos. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio no experimental, analítico, prospectivo, transversal en sujetos con edades de 40-70 años, de cualquier sexo, sin cirugía intraocular previa o síntomas de desgarros retinianos (fotopsias, eritropsia, escotoma periférico). Se obtuvieron imágenes de campo ultra amplio de retina (sin midriasis) con el equipo Optos y se identificó la proporción e intervalos de confianza (I.C.) del 95% de la muestra que tuvo cambios en la retina periférica y cambios con riesgo de desprendimiento de retina (agujeros retinianos, desprendimiento de retina subclínico). Se comparó esta proporción entre sexos y grupos de edad (χ2). Resultados: 1204 ojos de 602 sujetos (promedio de edad 52,92 desviación estándar D.E. ± 7,83 años), 74,41% de los sujetos fueron del sexo femenino. El 16,61% de la muestra presentó cambios periféricos retinianos (I.C. 95% 13,64- 19,58), el 1% de la muestra tuvo cambios con riesgo de desprendimiento de retina. Los cambios periféricos fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de edad de 50-59 años y en mujeres. La miopia superior a -6,00 dioptrías fue infrecuente en ojos con riesgo de desprendimiento de retina. Conclusiones: La fotografía de campo ultra amplio ayuda a demostrar, sin necesidad de dilatar la pupila, que existe una prevalencia baja de cambios retinianos periféricos y cambios con riesgo de desprendimiento de retina en sujetos fáquicos asintomáticos.

Abstract Objective: Ultra wide field photography requires no mydriasis, evaluates 200° of the retina and is adequate to detect overlooked retinal changes, with a risk of retinal detachment in asymptomatic subjects; we identified the frequency of peripheral retinal changes and changes with risk of retinal detachment, in a sample of asymptomatic phakic subjects. Materials and methods: Non-experimental, analytical, prospective, cross- sectional study in subjects aged 40-70 years, of any gender, without previous intraocular surgery or symptoms of retinal tears (photopsia, eritrhopsia, peripheral scotoma). We obtained ultra wide field retinal photographs (without mydriasis) with the Optos device and identified the proportion and 95% confidence intervals (C.I.) of the sample that had peripheral retinal changes and changes with risk of retinal detachment (retinal holes, subclinical retinal detachments). This proportion was compared between genders and age groups (χ2). Results: 1204 eyes of 602 subjects (mean age 59,92 standard deviation ± 7,83 years), 74,41% of the subjects were female. 16,61% of the sample had peripheral retinal changes (95% C.I. 13,64-19,58), 1% of the sample has changes with risk of retinal detachment. Peripheral retinal changes were more frequent in the 50-59 years age group and in women. Myopia over -6.00 diopters was infrequent in eyes with risk of retinal detachment. Conclusions: Ultra wide field photography helped to prove, without the need of mydriasis, that there is a low prevalence of peripheral retinal changes and changes with risk of retinal detachment, in phakic asymptomatic subjects.

Smartphone co-aided cobalt blue anterior segment with intraocular lens photography

In this report, we have utilized a smartphone-based innovative tool named anterior segment photography with an intraocular lens (ASPI) with a cobalt blue filter on the smartphone flash for photographing fluorescein-stained corneas. An intraocular lens along with a cobalt blue filter was attached to the smartphone camera to achieve this purpose. The filter could block out all wavelengths of light except the blue wavelength (450–490 nm) emerging from the smartphone camera. A pilot study was conducted on 27 eyes of 25 patients where images of various corneal pathologies were obtained using ASPI blue light imaging. The images were clear and highly magnified and could be used for documentation, teleconsultation for expert opinion, education, and monitoring of disease progression. ASPI-aided blue light imaging could be easily fabricated and is a frugal inexpensive device, which is used by different ophthalmic personnel to obtain fluorescein-stained corneal images.

Sobre o pássaro e o peixe: o tempo na fotografia e na psicanálise / About the bird and the fish: Time in Photography and Psychoanalysis / Sobre el pájaro y el pez: el tiempo en la fotografía y el psicoanálisis / À propos de l'oiseau et du poisson: le temps dans la photographie et la psychanalyse

Neste ensaio, proponho uma interlocução entre fotografia e psicanálise. Dentre as diversas análises possíveis acerca deste encontro, inquieta-me, sobretudo, a dimensão do tempo. Com o intuito de pensar a temporalidade pela perspectiva da fotografia, parto, inicialmente, de algumas provocações de Barthes e Soulages, estendendo-as a outros autores que contribuíram com este debate. Para explorá-la a partir da psicanálise, examino algumas contribuições de Freud, Winnicott e Lacan. Por fim, busco tecer, a partir da apresentação de uma vinheta clínica, algumas aproximações entre os dois campos, apontando que os papéis desempenhados pelo instante e pela duração representam temas essenciais para ambos.

En este ensayo, propongo una interlocución entre la fotografía y el psicoanálisis. Entre los diversos análisis posibles de este encuentro, mi principal preocupación es la dimensión del tiempo. Para pensar la temporalidad desde la perspectiva de la fotografía, parto, inicialmente, de algunas provocaciones de Barthes y Soulages, extendiéndolas a otros autores que contribuyeron a este debate. Para explorarlo desde el psicoanálisis, examino algunas aportaciones de Freud, Winnicott y Lacan. Por último, intento tejer, a partir de la presentación de una viñeta clínica, algunas aproximaciones entre los dos campos, señalando que los papeles desempeñados por el instante y por la duración representan temas esenciales para ambos.

In this essay, I propose an interlocution between photography and psychoanalysis. Among the various possible analyses of this encounter, my main concern is the dimension of time. In order to think temporality from the perspective of photography, I start, initially, with some provocations from Barthes and Soulages, extending them to other authors who contributed to this debate. To explore it from the psychoanalysis, I examine some contributions of Freud, Winnicott and Lacan. Finally, I seek to weave, from the presentation of a clinical vignette, some approximations between the two fields, pointing out that the roles played by the instant and by duration represent essential themes for both.

Dans cet essai, je propose une interlocution entre la photographie et la psychanalyse. Parmi les différentes analyses possibles de cette rencontre, ma principale préoccupation est la dimension du temps. Pour penser la temporalité du point de vue de la photographie, je commence, dans un premier temps, par quelques provocations de Barthes et Soulages, en les étendant à d'autres auteurs qui ont contribué à ce débat. Pour l'explorer à partir de la psychanalyse, j'examine certaines contributions de Freud, Winnicott et Lacan. Enfin, je cherche à tisser, à partir de la présentation d'une vignette clinique, quelques rapprochements entre les deux domaines, en soulignant que les rôles joués par l'instant et par la durée représentent des thèmes essentiels pour les deux.

Frestas: uma experiência de espaço contemplativo na formação em Saúde / Grieta: una experiencia de espacio contemplativo en la formación en salud / Cracks: an experience of a contemplative space in health training

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma cartografia dos acontecimentos vivenciados em um curso durante a pandemia com estudantes e profissionais da área da Saúde, adaptado para o ensino a distância e tomando fundamentalmente os conceitos de presença e experiência. Envolvendo criatividade e meditação e tendo como metodologia a fotografia contemplativa, a atividade objetivou apresentar a potência das práticas contemplativas e do Círculo Narrativo na criação de um espaço de acolhimento e de ampliação da percepção, permitindo que o tema da humanização seja abordado experiencialmente. Por meio das narrativas dos participantes e por meio de imagens e palavras, apresentam-se os impactos e sofrimentos vividos, bem como a percepção das potencialidades das frestas, ou seja, das aberturas. Tais frestas, criadas ou descobertas, geraram experiências coletivas de acolhimento e afetos disparados pela imagem, permitindo que os acontecimentos se tornassem interpelativos e criassem sentidos em dias tão difíceis. (AU)

Resumen El artículo presenta una cartografía de los acontecimientos vivido en un curso durante la pandemia con estudiantes y profesionales del área de la salud, adaptado para la enseñanza a distancia, tomando fundamentalmente los conceptos de presencia y experiencia. Envolviendo creatividad y meditación y teniendo como metodología la fotografía contemplativa, el objetivo de la actividad fue presentar la potencia de las prácticas contemplativas y del Círculo Narrativo en la creación de un espacio de acogida y de ampliación de la percepción, permitiendo que el tema de humanización se aborde experimentalmente. Por medio de las narrativas de los participantes, utilizando imágenes y palabras, se presentan los impactos y sufrimientos vividos, así como la percepción de las potencialidades de las grietas, es decir, de las aberturas. Tales grietas, creadas o descubiertas, generaron experiencias colectivas de acogida y afectos, disparados por la imagen, permitiendo que los acontecimientos pasasen a ser interpelativos y creasen sentidos en días tan difíciles. (AU)

Abstract This study presents a cartography of the events experienced in a course during the pandemic, with health students and professionals, adapted for distance learning, using fundamentally the concepts of presence and experience. Involving creativity and meditation and using contemplative photography as a methodology, the activity aimed at presenting the potential of contemplative practices and the Narrative Circle in creating a space for welcoming and expanding perception, allowing the partakers to approach humanization in a experimental way. Through the participants' narratives, using images and words, we could witness the impacts and sufferings they experienced, as well as the perception of the potentialities of the gaps, in other words, the openings. Created or discovered, such gaps generated collective experiences of acceptance and affection, triggered by images, transforming the events into questions and creating meanings in such challenging days. (AU)

Luta contra o apagamento: acervo comunitário de fotografias da igreja São Daniel Profeta, em Manguinhos / Fighting against erasure: a community archive of photos of the São Daniel Profeta Church in Manguinhos

Resumo O artigo apresenta a construção e a valorização dos laços tangíveis e intangíveis que unem a igreja São Daniel Profeta e sua comunidade no território de Manguinhos. Traça a história do acervo de fotografias da comunidade a partir de uma seleção de fotografias digitalizadas no projeto de educação patrimonial desenvolvido pela Comissão de Preservação da Igreja de São Daniel Profeta entre 2019 e 2021. Tais registros fotográficos contribuem para a compreensão das relações de afeto estabelecidas e a estratégia da inserção da Igreja católica e do Estado em territórios de favelas na segunda metade do século XX na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.

Abstract This article describes the construction and development of tangible and intangible ties that link the São Daniel Profeta Church to its community in the territory of Manguinhos by tracing the history of the community's photo archive through a selection of photographs that were digitized as part of the heritage education project carried out by the São Daniel Profeta Church Preservation Committee between 2019 and 2021. These images improved understanding of the affective relationships which were established and the strategy by the Catholic Church and the government to insert themselves into favela communities during the second half of the twentieth century in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Investigation of patient dose during digital mammography in Zigong, China, 2022 / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To investigate the average glandular dose of digital mammography in Zigong, China, and to explore the methods of reducing average glandular dose. Methods A total of 260 patients who underwent digital mammography at six hospitals located in Zigong during the year 2022 were included in this study. Their personal information, photography position, breast compression thickness, exposure parameters, and average glandular dose were collected. Analysis of variance and correlation analysis were performed for data analysis. Results Among the 260 patients who underwent digital mammography, the average breast compression thickness was 46.3 mm and the average glandular dose was 1.70 mGy. There was a significant difference in average glandular dose between patients with different breast compression thickness(P <0.05), and average glandular dose was positively correlated with breast compression thickness. There were no significant differences in average glandular dose between patients with different photography positions and patients with different ages (P>0.05). Conclusion The average glandular dose of patients undergoing digital mammography is at an acceptable level in Zigong. The average glandular dose is impacted by the breast compression thickness, target/filter, and exposure parameters. These factors should be optimized to reduce glandular dose during digital mammography.

Application of deep learning artificial intelligence in the auxiliary diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Since the advent of artificial intelligence(AI), it has been increasingly applied and rapidly developed in various fields. In the field of medicine, image features can be automatically extracted and the performance of feature learning and classification can be completed with the help of AI. In the field of ocular fundus disease, AI can give a diagnosis of age-related maculopathy by analyzing and identifying fundus photography and optical coherence tomography with an accuracy rate similar to that of ophthalmologists. In the future, AI may assist physicians in making a diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration, aid basic hospital in screening and curb its progression in the early stage of the disease. However, the technique has problems such as uncertain model recognition performance, opaque operation process, and excessive amount of clinical data required, which still cannot be widely used in the clinic. In recent years, a lot of research has been done in China in the application of deep learning with AI to assist diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases, and the results show that AI combined with imaging analysis of ophthalmic diseases has such characteristics as objectivity, efficiency and accuracy. In this article, studies on deep learning in the auxiliary diagnosis of age-related maculopathy are reviewed, and the progress on its application and the limitations that exist are analyzed, so as to provide more information on the use and extension of AI in this disease.

Progress in imaging and functional assessment of myopic fundus tessellation changes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Myopia has become a serious global burden of visual impairment and blindness, and the World Health Organization has included the prevention and treatment of myopia in its global blindness prevention program. Many ocular pathological alterations that follow from advanced myopia could cause visual impairment and even blindness in severe situations. Myopia is becoming more prevalent and has a greater impact on young people. Myopia's social repercussions are becoming more widely known. One of the several fundus alterations linked to myopia is tessellated fundus, which is the earliest lesion in the natural course of myopic fundus lesions and an important clinical marker for the development of retinopathy. Currently, there are several different methods of grading fundus tessellation, all of which are graded subjectively by fundus color photography. One can investigate the morphological characteristics and functional status of the tessellated fundus with ophthalmoscope, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, electroretinogram, microperimetry and other modal images. In this study, the imaging properties and common applications of the tessellated fundus are reviewed to provide appropriate resources for clinical ophthalmology.

Doação e transplante de órgãos e tecidos: concepções de adolescentes escolares pelo uso do photovoice / Organ and tissue donation and transplantation: school adolescents' conceptions through the use of photovoice / Donación y trasplante de órganos y tejidos: concepciones de adolescentes escolares mediante el uso de fotovoz

Este artigo objetivou compreender as concepções de adolescentes escolares sobre a doação e transplante de órgãos e tecidos. Trata-se de um estudo participativo, descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvido com 60 adolescentes escolares do ensino médio da rede pública de ensino do Estado do Paraná. A coleta de dados foi realizada em julho de 2018, com auxílio da técnica Photovoice, e os dados foram analisados na óptica da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Dos 60 adolescentes, 38 eram meninas (63,3%) e 22 eram meninos (36,7%), sendo a faixa etária dos 16 anos a prevalente (38,3%). Foram selecionadas nove imagens para compor o corpus fotográfico, que deram origem a quatro categorias: com a doação de órgãos existe uma certa união; um gesto de humildade que salva muitas vidas; ter a esperança de que no outro dia alguém pode vir e fazer uma doação e; a real importância de se formar doadores de órgãos. Constatou-se que promover a conscientização para doação e transplante de órgãos e tecidos, principalmente em grupos ativos na sociedade, como os adolescentes escolares, é fundamental para disseminação de informações seguras, construção de novos paradigmas e transformação de concepções e comportamentos.

This article aimed to understand the conceptions of adolescent students about organ and tissue donation and transplantation. This is a participatory, descriptive, qualitative study, developed with 60 high school teenagers from public schools in the State of Paraná. Data collection was carried out in July 2018, with the aid of the Photovoice technique, and the data were analyzed from the perspective of Bardin's content analysis. Of the 60 adolescents, 38 were girls (63.3%) and 22 were boys (36.7%), with the age group of 16 years being the most prevalent (38.3%). Nine images were selected to compose the photographic corpus, which gave rise to four categories: with organ donation there is a certain union; a gesture of humility that saves many lives; hope that the next day someone can come and make a donation and; the real importance of training organ donors. It was found that promoting awareness of organ and tissue donation and transplantation, especially in groups that are active in society, such as school adolescents, is essential for disseminating reliable information, building new paradigms and transforming concepts and behaviors.

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo comprender las concepciones de los adolescentes escolares sobre la donación y el trasplante de órganos y tejidos. Se trata de un estudio participativo, descriptivo y cualitativo, desarrollado con 60 adolescentes de enseñanza media de escuelas públicas del Estado de Paraná. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en julio de 2018, con la ayuda de la técnica Photovoice, y los datos fueron analizados desde la perspectiva del análisis de contenido de Bardin. De los 60 adolescentes, 38 eran chicas (63,3%) y 22 eran chicos (36,7%), siendo el grupo de edad de 16 años el más prevalente (38,3%). Se seleccionaron nueve imágenes para componer el corpus fotográfico, que dieron lugar a cuatro categorías: con la donación de órganos hay una cierta unión; un gesto de humildad que salva muchas vidas; la esperanza de que al día siguiente alguien pueda venir a hacer una donación y; la importancia real de la formación de donantes de órganos. Se constató que la promoción de la concientización sobre la donación y el trasplante de órganos y tejidos, especialmente en grupos activos en la sociedad, como los adolescentes escolares, es fundamental para difundir informaciones confiables, construir nuevos paradigmas y transformar conceptos y comportamientos.

Uso da fotografia em pesquisas com crianças e adolescentes com condições crônicas: revisão integrativa / Uso de la fotografía en estudios con infantes y adolescentes con condiciones crónicas: revisión integradora / Use of photography in research with children and adolescents with chronic conditions: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Identificar estudos que utilizaram as técnicas de Foto-Elicitação e Photovoice como estratégia para coleta de dados com crianças e adolescentes com condições crônicas. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura, efetuada nas bases de dados Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO e LILACS, com busca de artigos publicados em inglês, português e espanhol, entre os anos 2010 e 2021. As buscas foram conduzidas entre os meses de fevereiro e abril de 2022. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e organizados em categorias. Resultados Foram incluídos 28 artigos e, a partir do processo analítico, construíram-se as seguintes categorias: 1 - Vantagens do uso da Foto-Elicitação e do Photovoice; e 2 - Desafios no uso dessas técnicas. Conclusão A literatura é convergente ao considerar que a abordagem visual se configura como uma ferramenta facilitadora da comunicação das experiências de crianças e adolescentes com condições crônicas, ainda que possa apresentar alguns desafios na sua aplicabilidade.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar estudios que utilizaron las técnicas de foto-elicitación y fotovoz como estrategia de recopilación de datos con infantes y adolescentes con condiciones crónicas. Métodos Revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO y LILACS, con búsqueda de artículos publicados en inglés, portugués y español, entre los años 2010 y 2021. Las búsquedas se llevaron a cabo entre los meses de febrero y abril de 2022. Los datos se analizaron de forma descriptiva y se organizaron en categorías. Resultados Se incluyeron 28 artículos y, a partir del proceso analítico, se crearon las siguientes categorías: 1) Ventajas del uso de la foto-elicitación y de la fotovoz, 2) Desafíos del uso de estas técnicas. Conclusión La literatura es convergente al considerar que el enfoque visual se presenta como una herramienta facilitadora de la comunicación de las experiencias de infantes y adolescentes con condiciones crónicas, aunque puede presentar algunos desafíos para su aplicabilidad.

Abstract Objective To identify studies that used Photo-Elicitation and Photovoice techniques as a strategy for data collection with children and adolescents with chronic conditions. Methods This is an integrative literature review, carried out in the Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and LILACS databases, with a search for articles published in English, Portuguese and Spanish, between 2010 and 2021. The searches were conducted between February and April 2022. Data were analyzed descriptively and organized into categories. Results A total of 28 articles were included and, based on the analytical process, the following categories were constructed: Advantages of using Photo-Elicitation and Photovoice; and Challenges in using these techniques. Conclusion The literature is converging when considering that the visual approach is configured as a tool that facilitates the communication of the experiences of children and adolescents with chronic conditions, although it may present some challenges in its applicability.

El teléfono inteligente en la obtención de imágenes en oftalmología y su aplicación en el aprendizaje / The Smartphone in Ophthalmology Imaging and its Application in Learning

La imagen es parte de la columna vertebral en la medicina y que llega a su máximo punto en la Oftalmología. La importancia de la fotografía ocular va desde registrar condiciones médicas específicas, rastrear la progresión de enfermedades y crear ilustraciones para la publicación y la enseñanza; en resumen, una herramienta indispensable para el diagnóstico. Los aditamentos que en la presente publicación mostramos, son el resultado de una investigación de desarrollo que se realizó en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", durante el año 2021 con el objetivo de crear aditamentos que, acoplados a los teléfonos inteligentes, permiten tomar imágenes en el área de la Oftalmología utilizando la tecnología de impresión 3D. Inicialmente se identificaron los lugares que permitan crear imágenes en la especialidad con un aditamento y el teléfono inteligente, posteriormente se procederá a diseñar los aditamentos de acuerdo a las características del lugar donde se van a utilizar y finalmente mostramos la utilidad de los prototipos diseñados en la práctica docente(AU)

Imaging is part of the backbone in medicine and it reaches its peak in Ophthalmology. The importance of ocular photography ranges from recording specific medical conditions, tracking disease progression, and creating illustrations for publication and teaching; in short, an indispensable tool for diagnosis. The attachments, which we show in the present publication, are the result of a development research that was carried out at the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology "Ramón Pando Ferrer" during the year 2021 with the aim of creating attachments that, coupled to smartphones, allow taking images in the area of Ophthalmology using 3D printing technology. Initially we identified the places that allow creating images in the specialty with an attachment and the smartphone, then we will proceed to design the attachments according to the characteristics of the place where they will be used and finally we show the usefulness of the designed prototypes in the teaching practice(AU)

Uso de métodos fotográficos no contexto da saúde mental: uma revisão integrativa / Using photographic methods in the mental health field: an integrative review / Uso de métodos fotográficos en el ámbito de la salud mental: una revisión integrativa

Métodos que utilizam da produção de fotografias têm sido explorados como instrumentos alternativos de pesquisa qualitativa e intervenção psicológica. Entretanto, ainda há pouco consenso em suas denominações e procedimentos. Nesse contexto, a presente revisão integrativa visa investigar o uso de métodos fotográficos no campo da saúde mental, nos últimos 20 anos. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, PsycNET, PubMed, SciELO e Web of Science. Incluíram-se 49 artigos, e excluíram-se 457. Identificaram-se os métodos: fotovoz, instrumento fotográfico, autofotografia e fotoelicitação. Como potencialidades, destacou-se o uso da fotografia como meio para explorar e compartilhar experiências internas, auxiliar profissionais de saúde e gerar empoderamento. Como desafios, prevaleceram aspectos relacionados ao caráter recente do uso de métodos fotográficos no campo da saúde mental, como: predomínio de amostras pequenas e não generalizáveis, múltiplas metodologias de análise de dados e utilizações inadequadas de terminologias em relação aos procedimentos realizados.

Methods using production of photographs have been explored as alternative instruments of qualitative research and psychological intervention. However, there is still little consensus in their designations and procedures. In this context, this work presents an integrative review aimed at investigating the use of photographic methods in the field of mental health over the last 20 years. The research was conducted on LILACS, PsycNET, PubMed, SciELO and Web of Science databases. Forty-nine articles were accepted and 457 rejected. Four methods were identified: photovoice, photo-instrument, autophotography and photo-elicitation. As potential aspects, the use of photography means exploring and sharing personal experiences, assisting health professionals and creating empowerment. As challenge aspects, the recent feature of photographic methods used in the field of mental health were highlighted, counting on the prevalence of small and non-generable samples, multiple data analysis methodologies and inappropriate uses of designations regarding the procedures that were performed.

Métodos que utilizan la producción de fotos han sido explorados como instrumentos alternativos de investigación cualitativa y intervención psicológica. Sin embargo, aún hay poco consenso en relación a sus denominaciones y procedimientos. Esta revisión integrativa investiga el uso de métodos fotográficos en el campo de la salud mental en los últimos 20 años. La investigación fue realizada en las bases LILACS, PsycNET, PubMed, SciELO y Web of Science. Cuarenta y nueve artículos fueron aceptos y 457 excluidos. Se identificaron los siguientes métodos: fotovoz, instrumento fotográfico, autofotografía y fotoelicitación. Como potencialidad ese destacó el uso de fotografías como un medio para explorar y compartir experiencias internas, ayudar a los profesionales de la salud y generar empoderamiento. En los desafíos prevalecieron la caracterización aún reciente del uso de métodos fotográficos en la salud mental, el predominio de muestras pequeñas y no generalizables, múltiples metodologías de análisis de datos y inadecuado de terminologías.

Reproducibility and comparison between methods for gingival color evaluation: a validation study

Aim This study aims to evaluate and validate the sensibility and the level of agreement between different gingival color measures obtained by a spectrophotometer (SPECTRO) and a photography (PHOTO) method. Methods Among 40 patients, the color was measured 2 mm apical to the gingival margin by CIE L*, a*, b* system using a reflectance spectrophotometer and the photography's plus software. The level of agreement between three different measures (m1, m2, m3) in parameters L*, a*, b*, and ∆E (color variation) was evaluated by random and systematic errors, as well as the limits and coefficient of concordance. A comparison between the methods was performed by the Bland-Altman test and the sensibility level was evaluated accordingly to the ∆E: 3.7 thresholds with p<0.05 as the level of significance for these comparisons. Results The SPECTRO method has not presented the systematic error (p>0.05) and had reproducibly and agreement level in three variable measures L* (r: 0.6), a* (r: 0.3), and b* (r: 0.5) as to the PHOTO method L* (r: 0.6), a* (r: 0.5), and b* (r: 0.5), which presented systematic error in L* values (p<0.05). The means of ∆E between measurements were: 6.5 SPECTRO and 5.9 PHOTO. There was no good level of sensitivity ∆E> 3.7 and agreement between the methods, mainly for the a* values. On the other hand, for the L* and in for the most comparisons of b* values, the level of agreement was higher. Conclusion Both methods could quantify the gingival color from the coordinates L *, a *, and b *, which has shown greater reliability between the measurements acquired by the SPECTRO method.

Medicina y cultura visual: la fotografía en revistas científicas y la producción de conocimiento médico experimental en Argentina, 1890-1915 / Medicine and visual culture: photography in scientific journals and the production of experimental medical knowledge in Argentina, 1890-1915

Resumen En el presente artículo se abordan las maneras en que la fotografía fue parte de las estrategias argumentativas y expositivas de los profesionales de la medicina y su rol en la producción de conocimiento experimental entre 1890 y 1915. Para dar cuenta de estas cuestiones se relevaron revistas médicas representativas del período siempre teniendo en cuenta los avances en las técnicas de reproducción de imágenes. El análisis realizado permite dar cuenta de cómo las fotografías fueron parte de las explicaciones presentadas ante la comunidad científica para persuadir de la eficacia de tratamientos experimentales y procedimientos quirúrgicos novedosos, en un contexto de profesionalización de la medicina y necesidad de legitimación de una "cultura de laboratorio".

Abstract This article addresses how photography was part of the argumentative and expository strategies of medical professionals and its role in the production of experimental knowledge between 1890 and 1915. To investigate these issues, representative medical journals of the period were surveyed, always considering the advances in image reproduction techniques. The analysis carried out allows us to observe how the photographs were part of the explanations presented to the scientific community to persuade the efficacy of experimental treatments and novel surgical procedures, in the context of the professionalization of medicine and the need to legitimize a "culture of the laboratory."

Predominant peripheral lesions in patients with diabetic retinopathy and its association with systemic comorbidities

Purpose: To determine the associations of predominant peripheral lesions (PPLs) with systemic comorbidities in individuals with diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This is a multicenter cross-sectional observational study conducted across three tertiary eye care centers in south India between January 2019 and July 2021. Ultra-widefield fundus images of consecutive patients with varying severity of diabetic retinopathy with data on systemic comorbidities were classified based on the presence or absence of PPL. Systemic comorbidities (hypertension, diabetic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, and anemia) were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 879 participants (70.1% males) were included in the study, of which 443 (50.4%) patients had PPL. The mean age of the study participants was 56 ± 10 years, mean age of onset of diabetes was 41.24 ± 11.6 years, and mean duration of diabetes was 15.39 ± 7.6 years. The number of PPL increased with increasing severity of DR. Of all the systemic comorbidities analyzed, we found that coronary artery disease (CAD) had a significant association with PPL (Odds ratio [OR]-1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–2.55; P = 0.013) after adjusting for diabetic retinopathy severity, duration of diabetes, and age of onset of diabetes. Conclusion: The presence of PPL is a marker for coronary artery disease and early referral to cardiology is warranted.

O olhar em psicanálise no contexto da oficina de fotografia na atenção psicossocial / The gaze in psychoanalysis in the photography's workshop context at psychosocial care

RESUMO: Problematiza a questão do olhar na oficina de fotografia no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), situada na interface entre psicanálise, fotografia e atenção psicossocial. Buscou-se articular a experiência neste dispositivo sustentada pelos conceitos da teoria psicanalítica freudo-lacaniana, particularmente o conceito de estádio do espelho de Lacan. Formulamos a noção de analista-inventariante a partir do conceito de inventário como tática, proposto por Pimentel (2014), demarcando as especificidades que a oficina opera a partir do trabalho com imagens.

Abstract:. It problematizes the issue of gaze at the photography workshop at the Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS), located at the interface between psychoanalysis, photography and psychosocial care. We sought to articulate the experience in this device supported by the concepts of Freudo-Lacanian psychoanalytic theory, particularly the concept of Lacan's mirror stage. We formulated the notion of analyst-inventory from the concept of inventory as a tactic, proposed by Pimentel (2014), demarcating the specificities that the workshop operates from working with images.